infrared emitter&detector circuit

This circuit have applied to line detection of robot project,
Good match between the transmitter and the detector is important for proper operation, especially if the hole is large.

Robot with a simple object or obstacle detection. Infrared Transmitter detector pair sensors are relatively easy to implement, although involved some degree of testing and calibration in order to make correct. They can for the impediment, motion detection, transmitters, encoders are used, and the color detection.

This can be done with a piece of rope stretched between and in accordance with LED and phototransistor. A length of stiff wire or plugs can be used to set the alignment. Another method that can be used for long distances is a laser pointer shone through a hole.

Source / detector alignment method The transmitter can be mounted above the track with the phototransistor placed between the rails in places like hidden deposits. Place the transmitter and the detector at an angle would again be useful.

LED photo sensor circuit

Using a common benefit of photovoltaics LED, the circuit can recognize a different output darkness and light.

This circuit is used J-FET for recieve signal to buffer from LED ,About Output voltage,We used IC 1458 or LM1458 , while in the dark is about 7 volts and the drop about 2 volts in full sun. The LED voltage buffered by a junction FET transistor and then applied to the input of an operational inverting amplifier with a gain of about 20 minutes. This is a variation of about 5 volts of darkness and light. You can adjust the 100K potentiometer to set the range of output voltage.

network cable tester circuit

It works for network, telephone, cable with RJ45 half “Registered Jack” plug immediately indicate whether a crossover network cable or straight, flashing a yellow or green LED. If something is broken or if you press the button, the tester is in line with the wire test.

network cable tester diagram

How does it work?

The top RJ45 connector sends signals to each of its eight legs. The lower RJ45 connector receives signals from the top RJ45 connector created by the wire. When the red LED above the orange light LED bar shows the pins in the top RJ45 connector sends a test signal, and when the bottom of the red LED illuminates orange LED bar indicates which of the eight dioceses of the bottom RJ45 connector signal receives in this state where the wire is broken or not connected, none of LEDs in the LED bar will light up orange. If a short circuit between two or more wires, more than an orange LED lights up when the bottom red LED lights. Each time the button is the active output pin.

 Specification
For network cable (RJ45) and telephone (RJ11) tests.
Similar test can double-twisted cables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and Ground, meanwhile, can judge wrong connection, short circuit and open circuit.
ON / OFF button.
With four LED indicator.
Composing the master and remote two tests that can take a role in the testing easier.
Power by 9V battery.
Compact, durable design with a black plastic bag with zipper for storage.
Cable RJ45 network and RJ11 phone port

voltage comparator circuit

In the circuit having a voltage quad comparator (LM339) is used as a simple bar graph meter to indicate the state of charge 12-volt lead-acid battery acid. A 5 volt reference voltage is in each of the (+) inputs of four comparators and the (-) inputs are connected, each point is connected to a voltage divider. The LED lights up when the voltage at the negative (-)-input exceeds the reference voltage. Calibration can be by adjusting the 2K potentiometer so that all four LEDs illuminate when the battery voltage is 12.7 volts indicates a full charge with no load on the battery is done. At 11.7 volts, the LED should be made, and shows an empty battery. Each LED is a change of about 25% charge or 300 millivolts, so that 3 LEDs indicate 75%, 2 LEDs indicate 50%, etc.

The actual voltage on the temperature and battery type from, battery wet gel battery, etc . For more information on battery care.

Circuit was designed to create a detection system with reference to the source of light energy.

Terminology

* Photo detector – a device that senses and detects the light and radiant energy,

BP103 Phototransistor Siemens

which uses the principle of photoconductivity, where the material with the characteristic changes of their electrical conductivity when exposed to light
* CA3130E – BiMOS operational amplifier that combines the advantages of two bipolar transistors and CMOS, which can be used in sensor photodiode amplifier peak detector, single-supply rectifier full-wave voltage regulators and precision supporters comparators high input impedance amplifier and broadband meters Long term, rapid sample hold amplifier, amplifiers, refers only reason Offers
* 74HCT13 – High Speed Silicon gate CMOS device that is pin compatible with low power Schottky TTL, includes four 2-input gates which accept standard input signals and are capable of transforming slowly changing input signals into sharply defined vibration output signals, without
* BP103 – Silicon NPN phototransistor circuits used to control and training, industrial electronics, forks, and controlled by a computer flashes with its features such as high linearity, suitable for applications from 420N to 1130nm and packaged into the motherboard 18-lens transparent epoxy resin in combination with Database

Circuit Description

photo detector circuit with 74HCT13

During the operation, the circuit is producing low power, which is enough light detector receives light. Even in the darkness, the light source can also be made from a variety of ways. Compatibility between the output of a TTL level logic produces a low level. This occurs because the light is detected by phototransistor Q1 BP103. This model of the transistor is manufactured by Siemens. Phototransistor has a photodiode with internal gain and nothing more than a bipolar transistor in a transparent case so that the base-collector junction can be achieved by light. Photons base-collector junction produce electrons can be injected into the base. The current gain transistor amplifies the photodiode current.

Assembled PCB Exemple

The sensitivity of the circuit is regulated by 10K ohm adjustable resistor RV1. Circuit is 5 V power supply that can be drawn from batteries or external power source.

Part List
R1-R12  470 Ohm 1/4 Watt Resistor 
R13,R14  5.6 kOhm 1/4 Watt Resistor
U1  4040B TTL BCD Counter & TTL 12 Segment Display Driver 
DISP1 1 Common Anode 12 Segment LED Display
Switch

 Circuit Diagram show thus as below

12 LED display counter circuit

 Picture below shows layout installation for electronic parts on PCB.

Part Installation & Wiring side

The circuit has used 12-bit binary counter which IC 4040B.

This number of the pulses of the input signal can  confirmed by seeing its with the eyes by putting the light-emitting diode to the output of the counter.

The function  has only of it but it is useful. As it has the 12 bits, the highest rank counter is divided to 1/4096. As it was in the highest rank, the signal of 4KHz can be seen in the about 500-millisecond blink. At the input circuit, it is protecting the counter IC from the excessive input voltage with the resistor and the Zener diode.

Part List

1. R1-R7  470 Ohm 1/4 Watt Resistor 
2. U1  74LS90 TTL BCD Counter
3. U2 74LS47 TTL Seven Segment Display Driver 
4. DISP1 1 Common Anode 7 Segment LED Display

 

 brightness - With used 40 LEDs, We can fill the taillight evenly with light, thereby making the most of the limited area I’ve got.
Higher brightness – I can make the brake light brighter than stock.
Lower power – At maximum brightness (which I won’t use), this light takes 10 Watts — less than the 18 Watts the normal taillight takes.

 Format

Circuit & Step by Step to build it –>

40 LED bicycle Tail Light Circuit

DIY: Step by Step

Step 1

Cutting the blank PC board. The template shows two patterns – the one on the left is for 12x 3W LEDs, which would have been twice as brite!

Step 2

Step 2 : 3M Reflective tape applied behind LEDs.

Step 3

 Step3 : Cutting to fit — 3M Reflective tape applied behind LEDs. 

Step 4.

 Step4 :

Step 5 ut the resistor and soldering.

Step 7

The narrow-angle LEDs make up the two brighter spots.

40 LED bicycle tail light.