This circuit is known as a thermal sensor. In principle, this circuit or NTC thermistor as a sensor. This diagram, where the temperature is almost simple sensor data subsequently amplified by Op-Amp 741, which is then compared with pl P2, etc. served as governor of sushi, then transistor Q1 to move Relay.

heat sensor circuit

Transistor Q1 is a 2N2222 (A) 2N3904, NTE123A, ECG123A, etc. Not all are critical. Only acted as a relay for each type of work, therefore, deconvolution, the length of the energy needed to activate the power coils. D1, 1N4148, acts as a spark arrester on the relay contacts open and abolishs to false trigger. Feel free to use another type of matter, such as 1N4001 or something. Solder directly on the ‘+’ and ‘-’ relay terminals.

Electronic Part List:

IC1 = LM741, LM741CN-ND, LM741CN, NE741, μA741, etc.
Q1 = 2N2222 2N2222 2N3904-ND
D1 = 1N4148
Th1 = 10K
Re1 = 12V relay
R1 = 47K
R2 = 150 – 390K (if ralay “chatters”)
R3 = 1K8,
R4, R5 = 2K2
P1 = 50K Trimmer Pot

Heat Sensor PCB Diagram

How to work
Th1, 50K thermistor is a standard type. I was looking for a bar or rectangular thing. Available from Tandy Radio Shack. Almost every kind will do. I experimented with different models from 22K to 100K, and everything worked fine after replacing the trimmer pot and a small “tuning.

Which was used in the above figure is the circuit model under 50K Fenwal (# 197-503LAG-A01). 50K was measured accurately at 25 ° C and 10% tolerance. Increasing resistance temperature drop. Tolerance for my purposes (cooling power coolrib wide) is 10%.

Heat Sensor Part On PCB Diagram

Another name for this thing is “NTC”. NTC means a negative temperature coefficient “, which means that when the temperature decreases the resistance of the thermistor increases. You might have to buy at the lowest price. Some are thermistor, at least $ 4.00, but for $ 55.00 Canadian dollars for the type of glass encapsulated (the best).
I replaced my 60k thermistor type of glass hermetically sealed, such as the environment, and so my question corrosive particles that may affect future performance include.

BOURNS trimmer P1 is a simple rule, and wide temperature range of this circuit. I used a 10-style in the mood for some fine tuning, but the nature of regular use.

R1 is the “safety” resistor P1 trimmer pot is completely adjusted to “0″ ohm. Just then, the thermistor will receive a full 12 volts, and so hot that it puts blisters on your fingers …
R3 feeds back a bit in the differential op-amp relay to rattle when thermistor temperature reaches remove. Depending on the application and the type used in the 1 Re1 quarter and starts around 330K and reduce its value to the desired result. 150k value reported in the system worked for me. Impairment of hysteresis R2 more resources, but use more than necessary. Or temporary use of the trimmer pot and read the value. 120K worked for me.

Transistor Q1 is a 2N2222 (A) 2N3904, NTE123A, ECG123A, etc. are not critical. Acts as a relay switch in almost every type of work, and could provide the current necessary to activate the relay coil.

D1, 1N4148, acts as a spark arrestor when the relay contacts to open and eliminates false start. For my purposes, 1N4148 is good for the relay I have a little amp. However, you can create a number of diodes used here, my next choice would be regular target 1N4001 or something to be used as a kind of relay connected to the control process more than 1 ampere.

Digagram circuit and PCB layout are current C1, C2, R7 and LED. C1 and C2 are new to the relay switching noise in some applications to remove. Optional LED and resistor was added to the circuit and layot for your convenience. Relays used in this kit is a type of small 12V/0.5A. If the relay clicked increase the feedback resistor R3 to 180km or something “higher, and a small ceramic cap coils connected in parallel with diode D1. Diode 1N4148 is designed for small relay. When using relays as 1N4001 or 1N4004.

If you want to create a custom PCB, try the following. PCB is equipped with holes for the relay, but not your specific relay. It was designed for one type of arene DC12V HB1. Diversity and the relay model is for adults only. How to join? Well, I had a lot of space on the board mount relay. You can also mountain, and connect various cables. Use of silicone adhesives, cyanoacrylate ester (crazy glue) or double-sided tape on his relay place. Works well. Note that the PAC and the imposition Page Not according to the timetable for drawing fans. PCB is about 1.5 x 3 inches (4.8 x 7.6 mm)
If you print inkjet PCBs probably not to scale. Try 8-pin IC socket for mounting on a printed copy to ensure that it matches the scale for printing on a sheet of transparency and PCB …

network cable tester circuit

It works for network, telephone, cable with RJ45 half “Registered Jack” plug immediately indicate whether a crossover network cable or straight, flashing a yellow or green LED. If something is broken or if you press the button, the tester is in line with the wire test.

network cable tester diagram

How does it work?

The top RJ45 connector sends signals to each of its eight legs. The lower RJ45 connector receives signals from the top RJ45 connector created by the wire. When the red LED above the orange light LED bar shows the pins in the top RJ45 connector sends a test signal, and when the bottom of the red LED illuminates orange LED bar indicates which of the eight dioceses of the bottom RJ45 connector signal receives in this state where the wire is broken or not connected, none of LEDs in the LED bar will light up orange. If a short circuit between two or more wires, more than an orange LED lights up when the bottom red LED lights. Each time the button is the active output pin.

 Specification
For network cable (RJ45) and telephone (RJ11) tests.
Similar test can double-twisted cables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and Ground, meanwhile, can judge wrong connection, short circuit and open circuit.
ON / OFF button.
With four LED indicator.
Composing the master and remote two tests that can take a role in the testing easier.
Power by 9V battery.
Compact, durable design with a black plastic bag with zipper for storage.
Cable RJ45 network and RJ11 phone port

1Watt RF signal amplifer circuit

Regarding the circuit is a universal 1 W. RF signal class C amplifier which is ideally suited for reduce to low power FM transmitters.

 The Input much be least at 100mW for achieve 1Watt output. This is recommended to enclose the amplifier in a metal case.

Part List

 Q1 Transistor: 2N5109, MRF227, 2N4427, 2N3866
 Voltage Supply: 12 – 15V

Electronic  List

VDO amplifier IC LM359 Circuit

R1=1Kohm
R2-3=12Kohm
R4-5-6=10Kohm  
C1=10nF 100V
C2-6=100uF 25V  
C3=100nF 100V
C4=1pF ceramic 
C5=10nF 100V
C6=100uF 25V
IC1=LM359N
J1-2=BNC connector

VDO amplifier IC Result Graph

Each amplifier is broadband to give a product with high gain bandwidth, fast scanning speed and stable operation of a closed loop reverse gain of 10 or more. Pins for additional external frequency compensation is provided. The amplifiers are designed to operate from a single supply and can accommodate input voltages in common mode exceeds supply.

LM359 Features:

User programmable gain bandwidth product, slew rate bias current input, output stage bias current and total device power dissipation
products with high bandwidth gain (Iset = 0.5 mA) 400 MHz for AV = 10 to 100 30 MHz for AV = 1
high slew rate (Iset = 0.5 mA) 60 V / microsecond for AV = 10 to 10 30 volts / microsecond for AV = 1
Inputs allow differentiation current high voltage input common mode
Operating from a single 5V to 22V supply
Large swing output of inverting amplifier, 2 mV to VCC. 2V
smoothness up 6 NV /? Hz.for f> 1 kHz

Uses:

General purpose video amplifiers
High frequency active filters Q
Photo diode amplifiers
Wide frequency range circuit signal generation
All LM3900 AC applications work to much higher frequencies

VDO amplifer circuit

Terminology 
LH0024 – IC small signal IC designed for general purpose switching and amplification due to its low voltage, low voltage and three different win the election
1N4148 – silicon small signal diode planar epitaxial used for fast switching applications with a reverse voltage of 100 V and forward current of 150 mA

Circuit Explanation
In a video output signal is the high rate of frames selected for amplification of producing a finer. This is possible by placing the track between the video device and the reception lobby, where the video port of the television receiver is inserted. The construction is done simply by exploiting the operation of three transistors instead of IC and other supporting elements.

An isolator operating in the first phase of the Q1, which provides an interface for input impedance. Q2 manage the second phase, which leads to the common base configuration.

In this phase, determine the earnings TR2 250 ohms cutting the lawn. To adjust TR2, it must be placed where an output voltage of 1 Vp-p is present, with a load of 75 ohms. The frequency response is regulated by a combination of R6, C3, and 500 ohms TR1. An output buffer is completed by Q3 of the third phase which provides an airline pilot with 75 ohms. The range of the circuit is stabilized with 12 V and 50 mA.

UHF TV amplifier Circuit

This UHF broadband amplifier (Ultra High Frequency Amplifier) is a total win 10-15 dB 400-850 MHz frequency range, so it can be used if the TV signal is weak.

This UHF-TV antenna amplifier to work properly you need to cut parts of the pins as short as possible. C1, C2, C6, C7 SMD type (surface mounting). This TV antenna amplifier or UHF broadband amplifier is built in a metal box and then connected to a TV near the antenna.

Power supply is a simple 12V stabilized source. TV antenna amplifier can be connected directly to the power supply via coaxial TV antenna, but you will need 10 – 100UH coil is a food bar. TV UHF amplifier connected through a small coupling capacitor.
Adjustment is easy, that P1 in the middle and adjust it until you get the best TV picture quality.

29 MHz-Amplifer Circuit

In the high frequency amplifier Ruhestromein is an emitter-follower transistor, which corresponds to a bias current of a control input voltage external input directed to a base of the transistor connected gain. The transistor for current control connected in series with the emitter of the transistor to bias supply, and avoids electrical current corresponding to the control input voltage. Electric power under control procedure input voltage flows through the first transistor for temperature compensation. Electricity equivalent electric current through the first transistor for temperature compensation flowing through the transistor for current control.

How does the circuit
Circuit consists of five components:

R1= 1Kohms D1= 1N4001 T1= 220V/17V 4A Transformer
R2= 1.2Kohms D2= 6.8V 0.5W zener LD1= Green LED
R3= 470 ohms TR1= 4.7Kohms  trimmer LD2= Red LED
R4= 470 ohms Q1= BTY79 or similar 6A SCR M1= 0-5A DC Ampere meter
R5= 10Kohms Q2= C106D  SCR S1= 10A D/P On Off Switch
C1= 10uF 25V GR1= 50V 6A Bridge Rectifier F= 5A Fuse

  Circuit does not turn on until the battery is connected to the terminals, as shown in the picture. (Assuming the pressure switch is connected to a circuit where there is a completely discharged battery started.)
This action turns on the PNP transistor in the “Turn On” block. Resistance between the collector-emitter terminals, and LED lights.
Journey to the bottom of the circle passing through the railway signal diode, gate-cathode junction of SCR and two parallel resistors 1R8. Therefore, it shines.

Must use the AC PLUG PACK
Before we go further, working circuit pack into the AC outlet. There must be an AC power supply, as we do not want to be present at all the capacitors on the power flow rail, because it allows a very high charging current and possibly damage the SCR.
DC does not let you turn on the SCR, it will shut off flow through to zero.

Circuit is half-wave rectifier!
Circuit is actually a half-wave rectifier. It only charges the battery in each half cycle. Plug-pack, not the way it leaves a residual flow in the transformer core and leads him overheat. But that is a disadvantage of the circuit.
SCR switches in each half cycle and flows into the battery.
Voltage through two resistors 1R8 (parallel development), and this voltage is fed into the electrolyte-47U. Is charging and turns the BC547 transistor.
Transistor turns off SCR gate voltage and robs the SCR. 47U energy channels of the transistor for a short time, but could not maintain the transistor.
Transistor switches and switch SCR and provides further impetus to the current battery.
Since the battery is charging, the voltage increases and it is followed by “Voltage Monitor Block.
The circuit is very complex and able to look at the operation is to check the top rail as a fixed rail and increasing the battery voltage, rail is the negative battery terminal is connected, pushed down.
So you can see how to “Turn On” transistor is switched on and a “voltage monitor” components to create voltage drops on each of them.
“Voltage Monitor” component consisting of transistors and Zener diode and resistor 8k2, 1k pot 1K5 resistor, 150R resistor and diode signal.
Signal-emitting diode is actually part of the flashing circle and discuss the operation later.
When the battery voltage rises to 13.75 volts, all resistance in “voltage test systems, will have a voltage drop, which corresponds to the resistance of resistance. Diode is a constant 0.7 V above them.
Voltage at the wiper of banks will be about 3.25V and 10V, the voltage across the Zener. This leaves 0.6V between the base and the producer of the transistor voltage monitor.
This voltage is sufficient to turn transistor.
When the monitor voltage transistor switches, it robs the “Turn On” transistor base-emitter voltage and the circuit is turned off.
SCR has only two states: ON and OFF.
By the mid-cycle when it is turned on, battery power and high pulse current is limited to the ability to plug-pack.
There are no capacitors to enable very high current pulses are delivered, and it is fortunate, because the SCR is only 0.8 amps drive, but it will take 10 amps to increase the half-cycle.
Whenever the SCR is in the lead during the mid-cycle operation initiated, remains in heat conduction, the voltage supplied plug pack will drop to zero. That is, when the SCR turns off.
If the plug-pack delivers a negative voltage on the top rail and a positive voltage to the lowest rail, the SCR is triggered into the conduction band and none of the components in the circuit provides power to the battery. SCR provides a couple of Half-stream and then turns to several cycles. This is how the average current supplied by the battery is controlled.
The circuit is designed to deliver approximately 300-400 mA average charging current. The actual value is set resistors 1R8.
If the battery is fully charged, the LED will blink.
Flashing is made of resistance 2K2 and 47U (connected to a voltage monitor section).
That the battery is connected through diode 47U, charging 150R BC557 transistor and a signal diode to the negative terminal of the battery.
If the battery is fully charged, the monitor turns on and turns off the power supply section of “Turn On” section.
This eliminates stress on the positive side of the 47U and the positive side, a negative rail through resistor 2K2. This allows the negative side of 47U and 150R resistor is enabled, distorted, negative despite the presence of light rail, because the diode is reverse-drop.
This keeps the circuit in the “off” state, as part of the voltage monitor provides an additional voltage across the battery and it thinks it is “over-burdened.

2 input mixer circuit

Electronic Parts

R1, R3  10K Pot 
R2, R4  100K 1/4 W Resistor 
R5  6.8K 1/4 W Resistor 
C1, C2, C3  0.1uF Capacitor 
Q1  2N3819 Junction FET

If two outputs are wired in parallel directly, you are effectively in combat with each other. When they are different from sending audio signal, then most of the time one of them tried to push output is different than other output. This causes stress and overload of outputs effectivley. In the best case, you get uneven mixture of the signals lowered output and increased distortion of the sound. In some cases, you run the risk of damage to the device for you are constatly overload the outputs.

 The reason for this is that line-level outputs are done low-voltage sources, and they just are not would be very happy if you connect them together. Anytime the issue is different between the two (as is almost all the time in stereo) Every attempt will flow through the other ram – they are more recent than the source option, and so more power as an option they are designed to accept (they are designed to accept virtually nothing).

3input_mixer_circuit

This is a very simple 3-input mixer for your audio system. You can set the number of input adds some components to the mixer input (add P = 10K R = 22K). This circuit is recommended only for low-and moderate-audio sound system. Need a better mixer circuit for high-quality audio system.

3inputmixer_PCB

Touch Activated Light

 Districts among the 20 watt light bulb are touching the contacts and the resistance of the skin is about 2 MB or less. Circle on the left side to use the power MOSFET, which lights up when the voltage between the gate-source and about 6 volts. Gate MOSFET has no current so the voltage on the gate half the supply voltage, or 6 volts when the resistance across the touch contacts equal to a fixed resistance (2 MB) between the source and gate to be.
Circuit on the right uses three bipolar transistors, the same result with a touch contact links at the negative end of the country or bid away.

From the base of a bipolar transistor draws current and current gain is typically less than 200, three transistors to Microamp current level through the touch contacts for a couple of amps needed to increase light. Another stream, can replace the lamp with a 12-volt relay coil and diode.

50mW Audio Amplifier

Here’s a little audio amplifier similar to what you might find in a small transistor radio. The input stage is that the voltage is equal to two complimentary transistors which are biased slightly distorted in the leadership that the split between the diodes. Used 3.3 ohm resistor in series with the producers of the transistors to stabilize the bias current, so it does not change much with temperature or with different transistors and diodes. Since the bias current increases, the voltage between the emitter and base decreases, a heat pipe. Input impedance is 500 ohms and the voltage gain is about 5 to 8-ohm speakers connected. Voltage on the speaker is about 2 volts without the distortion and power is in the range of 50 mW. Higher voltage and adding a cooler, the more power output transistors. Circuit draws about 30 mA from a 9-volt supply.

3-24volt regulator

New fire alarm circuit

This system prevents users from fire. It depends on the smoke, which consists of a fire.

When the smoke takes the bulb and LDR, the amount of light falling LDR decreases.

This causes the resistance LDR increases, and voltage transistor base pulled high which makes the provision of COB (chip on board) will be completed. Different ears available in the market to create different sounds.
COB select depends on the user. Signal generated by COB supplemented by audio amplifier.

Under this system, audio power amplifier is connected to some IC TDA 2002. Sensitivity of the system depends on the distance between the lamp and LDR, and create a pre-VR1. This may be a lamp and LDR at an appropriate distance, you can toggle between pre-VR1, to obtain optimal sensitivity.
ON / OFF switch is proposed to contain the system or outside.

DEW sensor circuit

Dew (condensed moisture) ad- versely affects the normal per- formance of sensitive electronic devices.A low-cost circuit described here can be used to switch off any gadget automatically in case of excessive humidity.At the heart of the circuit is an inexpensive (resistor type) dew sensor element.

Although dew sensor elements are widely used in video cassette players and recorders, these may not be easily available in local market. However, the same can be procured from authorised service centres of reputed companies. The author used the dew sensor for FUNAI VCP model No. V.I.P. 3000A (Part No: 6808-08-04, reference no. 336) in his prototype. In practice, it is observed that all dew sensors available for video application possess the same electrical characteristics irrespective of their physical shape/size, and hence are interchangeable and can be used in this project. The circuit is basically a switching type circuit made with the help of a popular dual op-amp IC LM358N which is configured here as a comparator.

(Note that only one half of the IC is used here.) Under normal conditions, resistance of the dew sensor is low (1 kilo-ohm or so) and thus the voltage at its non-inverting terminal (pin 3) is low compared to that at its inverting input (pin 2) terminal. The corresponding output of the comparator (at pin 1) is accordingly low and thus nothing happens in the circuit.

When humidity exceeds 80 per cent, the sensor resistance increases rapidly. As a result, the non-inverting pin becomes more positive than the inverting pin. This pushes up the output of IC1 to a high level. As a consequence, the LED inside the opto-coupler is energised.

At the same time LED1 provides a visual indication. The opto-coupler can be suitably interfaced to any electronic device for switching purpose. Circuit comprising diode D2, resistors R5 and R6 and capacitor C1 forms a low-voltage, low-current power supply unit. This simple arrangement obviates the requirement for a bulky and expensive step-down transformer.

DC to AC with IC555 circuit

AC to DC IC Series DC-AC inverter produces an output voltage alternating voltage network.

IC 555 configured for Low Frequency Oscillator. Frequency can be changed 1950-1960 change frequency meter Hz potens R4.

This DC-AC inverter schematic produces output AC power, and frequency. 555 is set to a low frequency oscillator, tunable in the frequency range 50-60 Hz, R4 potentiometer.

555 feeds output (which Q1 and Q2) to the transformer T1, a reverse filament transformer with the necessary step to turns ratio. Capacitor C4 and coil L1 filter the input T1, assuring that it is virtually a sine wave. Adjust the voltage of T1.
Output (in watts) you must select the different parts.

input voltage is anywhere +5 V +15 V DC, operating voltage CAP 2700uF adjust accordingly.
Q1 are the types of compensation: TIP41B, TIP41C, NTE196, ECG196, etc. Q2 types of parts are: TIP42B, TIP42C, NTE197, ECG197, etc. Do not be afraid to use another type of similar characteristics, only one transistor. ..

Parts List:

R1 = 10K
R2 = 100K
R3 = 100 ohms
R4 = 50K potmeter, Linear
C1, C2 = 0.1uF
C3 = 0.01uF
C4 = 2700uF
Q1 = TIP41A, NPN, or its equivalent
Q2 = TIP42A, PNP or equivalent
L1 = 1UH
T1 = filament transformer selection

If everything works well. If not, relax and do not get frustrated. Check the following:

1. You have connected the filament transformer so contrary?
2. Otherwise, unplug the power cord and vice versa. If you have, disconnect the transformer and measure the voltage after the L1 and the earth.
3. Only if the bottom of this neighborhood is the same as the negative (-).
4. Q1/Q2 are oposites, e.i. NPN / PNP.
5. Is it 555 defective? Remove the pin from 3:03 R3 to control impulses.
6. Check the transistor to make sure they are intact.

Error: Pin 7 and 2 were reversed. The original pin was correct.

air flow detector circuit

Parts List

R1  100 Ohm 1/4W Resistor
R2  470 Ohm 1/4W Resistor
R3  10k 1/4W Resistor
R4  100K 1/4W Resistor
R5  1K 1/4W Resistor
C1  47uF Electrolytic Capacitor
U1  78L05 Voltage Regulator
U2  LM339 Op Amp
L1  #47 Incandescent lamp with glass removed (See “Notes”)
D1  LED

Notes:
1. The glass will have to be removed from L1 without breaking the filament. Wrap the glass in masking tape and it in a vise. Slowly crank down until the glass breaks, then remove the bulb and carefully peel back the tape. If the filament has broken, you will need another lamp.

the circuit simple to apply and modify to more band such as 6 band,8 band.

Could you see detail in circuit thus as picture right side.

Electronic parts list

EQ 3 band circuit

IC1= TL072, NE5532
C1-11= 10uF 25V
C2= 33pF ceramic
C3= 2.2uF 63V MKT
C8= 1.2nF 63V MKT
C4= 47nF 63V MKT
C5-7= 4.7nF 63V MKT
C6= 22nF 63V MKT
C9-10= 100nF 63V MKT
C12=47uF 25V
R1-2= 47Kohms
R3-4-5-12-13= 10Kohms
R6-7= 3.3Kohms
R8-9= 1.8Kohms
R10= 270ohms
R11= 22Kohms
RV1-2= 100Kohms Lin.
RV3= 470Kohms Lin.

Convertor 12V to 9V Circuit1

Today we have convertor circuit for supply 12 to 9 volt.

Thus as picture right side

Electrictronic parts list:
R1 = 560 ohms
C1 = 1000uF/40V, electrolyte
10uF/25V = C2, electrolyte
C3 = 330nF, ceramic
Z1 = 9.1V, ZENER 1watt
Q1 = ECG184, NTE184

Remark:

Convertor 12V to 9V Circuit2

In order to obtain a more accurate output voltage, replace the Zener diode Z1 with 10V and R1 with a potentiometer 1Kilo ohms. Coolrib for Q1 is optional, but recommended. You can replace the Q1 type to get more efficient production amplifiers depending on your requirements. Simple circuit to power your 9 volt cassette recorder and other stuff.

5V switching circuit

Circuit is derived from an application note LM2575.

LM2575

Application by a notice ON SEMICONDUCTOR shows how the chip will be used to generate negative voltage positive voltage.

A power transistor, which is a drop of 4 volts across it and 3 amps through it can dissipate about 12 watts of heat, some regulatory problem. While her a saturated MOSFET transistor or a V and 3 amps through the will of only 3 watts. But then fully concentrate on transistor or MOSFET can be controlled or regulated, we have a very fast turn off and so the correct amount of current or voltage is provided.

More about switching power

Finished happens is PWM – Pulse width modulation. In this or MOSFET transistor, said ON-OFF started at 100 kHz, the duration is varied to control the output. Longer period of time “transfer of power, more or punch. Switching losses will be present, depending on how fast the growth and fall times of pulses.

Pulsed DC or AC can be chopped with a smoothed average of inductors and capacitors. Reactive pulsed inductor is absorbed by a 1N5817 Schottky Rectifier – 20V, 1A fast switching diode with low loss switching.

Mini Auido Mixer with FET

The easy circuit mixes 2 or more input channels into one channel (eg. stereo to mono).
The circuit must as many or as few input channels as you like and consumes very little energy mix.
The mixer is shown with two inputs, but you can only add as much as you want simply by repeating the “sections” that are clearly visible on the plan.

Electrical Part List
R1, R3 10K Pot
R2, R4 100K 4.1 W resistor
R5 6.8K 4.1 W resistor
C1, C2, C3 0.1 uF capacitor
Q1 2N3819 Junction FET
MISC Wire, Shielded (Metal) Case, Phono or other connectors for power
Note
1- Many or as few channels needed to be added to the mixer. Do this simply by repeating the command “sections” are clearly indicated on the chart. A version of this mixer I saw had 25 entries!
2- A shielded case is probably necessary to prevent disturbances and vibrations.
3- The circuit can be powered by a 9-volt battery.

Mixser_LM353

The Mixer with IC LM353 With this circuit can mix four separate audio inputs. Each input is high or low impedance microphones accepted, record players, tape or aux signals. You can set the gain for each input by adjusting each pot. With Stereo / Mono switch you can just inputs 1.2 and 3.4 or in the mono position combining a combination of all four inputs. Signal is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. with a very high input impedance and very low distortion to the output of the complete protection against short circuits. This circuit is an amplifier with an input impedance of 2000 Ohm drive.

Wring Mixer Circuit Picture

The above  circuit picture is my project mixer that were used to mixed two input sound or audio.

The input audio that we use are mp3 and microphone respectively.

Car Battary Charger Circuit

The charger charges quickly and easily on all lead-acid batteries. The charger delivers full current, decreases until the current from the battery to 150 mA. At this time, a lower voltage to complement and support more load. If the battery is fully charged, the circuit stops and lights a LED indicates that the cycle is complete.
 This very simple circuit uses a transformer, two diodes, a capacitor and an ammeter.
To charge a battery just connect the + and – terminals of the circuit at the terminals of the battery.
If the battery is not charged, shows the ammeter reading 3.1 amps.
If the battery is fully charged the ammeter reads zero or nearly zero, after which the battery must be removed from the
Charger.
The circuit is a full-wave rectifier with two diodes for rectification. The capacitor is used for smoothing.
I think the circuit works fine without the capacitor since the battery itself acts like a capacitor BIG. But if the
12V power supply circuit (such as a battery eliminator), the capacitor must be present.
Care must be taken to reverse the + and – terminals while connecting to the battery.

350W light control circuit

This is the kind of common drive widely available in hardware stores and home improvement stores. The circuit is a basic model for light dimmer for 120V AC voltages. The basic design of the bulbs can power range from 30W to enter the order of a few hundred watts (depending on model).

The objective of the pot P1 and C2 in a diac / triac combination is just to delay the ignition point of the DIAC crossing zero. The greater the resistance (R2 + P1) feeding the capacitor C2, the longer it takes the voltage across the capacitor at the point where increasing the diac D1 fires turning on the triac TH1. Capacitor C1 and inductor L1 a simple filter Radio Frequency Interference. Without it, the circuit to produce, because a lot of problems, firing of the triac in the middle of AC phase causes fast rising current surges. The triac TH1 can resist 6A DC current when cooled properly, so that the circuit would be able to handle about 300-500W of power when a small heat sink is mounted TH1. If TH1 is not cooled, the maximum is probably around 150W.

Component

R1  50K Pot 
R2  15K 1/2W Resistor 
C1, C2   0.068 250V Capacitor 
L1   Lamp To Be Controlled (up to 350 watts) 
L2   Neon Lamp 
TR1  40502   TRIAC

10 band EQ circuit

This circuit uses a single chip, IC TL074 for achieving a 5-band graphic equalizer for use in Hi-fi audio systems. The 5-band graphic equalizer is true for radio-cassette player, and car stereos. This unit features: low distortion and low noise, wide range of operating power voltage (3.5V to 16V), low-power (5 mA), Wide Dynamic Range (DE = 2.1Vrms/VCC = 8V) and built an amplifier input and output buffer.

The TL074  is a five-point graphic equalizer, which has integrated all the functions necessary for a CI. The IC is the system of five sounds and control input and an output buffer amplifier. The PDF below contains detailed information on the wiring diagram for the 5-band graphic equalizer with a single IC / chip (BA3812L). The circuit shown in the table works around the five frequency bands: 100Hz, 300Hz, 1kHz, 3kHz, 10kHz.

Electronic Parts  

R1….20= 10Kohms
R21….40= 1Mohms
R41= 10Kohms
R42= 1Kohms
R43…..52= 2.2Kohms
R53…..62= 47Kohms
R63-64-66-67= 47Kohms
R65= 10Kohms
R68-69= 47 ohms 1/2W
IC1…3= TL074
RV1….10= 100Kohms  lin FADER
S1= 2X4 SW for stereo
RV11= 10Kohms  log.

C1= 180nF polyester
C2= 18nF polyester
C3= 100nF polyester
C4= 10nF polyester
C5= 47nF polyester
C6= 4.7nF polyester
C7= 22nF polyester
C8= 2.2nF polyester
C9= 12nF polyester
C10= 1.2nF polyester
C11= 5.6nF polyester
C12= 560pF polysterine
C13= 2.7nF polyester 
C14= 270pF polysterine  
C15= 1.5nF polyester 
C16= 150pF polysterine 
C17= 680pF polysterine 
C18= 68pF polysterine
C19= 360pF polysterine
C20= 36pF polysterine
C21= 4.7uF polyester
C22-23= 33pF polysterine
C24= 10uF 25V
C25-26= 47uF 25V
C27…32= 47nF polyester

4ch band mixer circuit

The circuit consists of 4-channel mixer with mono channels 1-4, while for the stereo channels 5-6. 

The number of input channels can be varied, while the choice between mono and stereo channels. The RV1-6 regulates the volume and channel players. The balance between the two channels is achieved by RV7-12. The adder adds the two b IC1a signals of input channels. The mower two TR1-2 on each channel provides the upward adjustments of each IC, as regards the size of the output signal as you want.

The settlement of three bands in the stage of the equalizer, where the output of the console has been IC1a-b. There was a gain of one and is responsible for the separation of former levels driven from the device. The use of headphones is possible by the existence of a circuit in the region IC2A-b, their production can be produced in the connectors JF13. The use of stereo VU meter to visually display the volume. The connection JF12b resumed the supply of different circuits, which consists of a mixture of excitement.

Modules for the mono input channels IC1, or other types of integrated circuits for reversing and regulating the gain of the unit from low to high microphones. The input module for micro-electronic scale line has a constant control of the scene 22K ohm pot. The preamplifier of the microphone to use transistors to regulate the zener diode voltage of the main line. The module input channel stereo is connected to a profit has increased the value of resistors in parallel with the capacitors. Other circuits of the main circuits connected stereo phono preamp, 3 equalizer, power and monitor mixer inputs for selection are the headphone jack.

6w amplifier circuit

The audio amplifier circuit is on the TDA1519 amplifier IC that is based in audio applications, which is not a high output power can be used.

The circuit TDA1519 is a power of 2×6 watts.

The TDA1519 is an amplifier built-in Class B dual-output lead in a 9-by-line (SIL) plastic package average performance is primarily developed for car radio applications.

Key Features of the audio amplifier IC TDA1519 are: Requires few external components, fixed gain, good rejection drive, mute / standby mode, thermal protection, reverse polarity safe.

Tda1519 amplifier power rating, 14.4 volts.

Road Light control circuit

This is basically a Schmitt Trigger circuit which receives input from a cadmium sulfide photo cell and controls a relay that can be used to switch off and on a street lamp at dawn and dusk. I have built the circuit with a 120 ohm/12 volt relay and monitored performance using a lamp dimmer, but did not connect the relay to an outside light. The photo cell should be shielded from the lamp to prevent feedback and is usually mounted above the light on top of a reflector and pointed upward at the sky so the lamp light does not strike the photo cell and switch off the lamp. The photo cell is wired in series with a potentiometer so the voltage at the junction (and base of transistor) can be adjusted to about half the supply, at the desired ambient light level. The two PNP transistors are connected with a common emitter resistor for positive feedback so as one transistor turns on, the other will turn off, and visa versa. Under dark conditions, the photo cell resistance will be higher than the potentiometer producing a voltage at Q1 that is higher than the base voltage at Q2 which causes Q2 to conduct and activate the relay. The switching points are about 8 volts and 4 volts using the resistor values shown but could be brought closer together by using a lower value for the 7.5K resistor. 3.3K would move the levels to about 3.5 and 5.5 for a range of 2 volts instead of 4 so the relay turns on and off closer to the same ambient light level. The potentiometer would need to be readjusted so that the voltage is around 4.5 at the desired ambient condition.

EQ-5-band circuit

This circuit uses a single chip, IC MAIN BEARINGS MS226P  to achieve a 5-band graphic equalizer for use in Hi-Fi audio systems. The 5-band graphic equalizer is true for radio-cassette players, stereos and car radios. The device features: low distortion and low noise, high power voltage range (3.5V to 16V), low dissipation current (5 mA), Wide Dynamic Range (HOV 2.1Vrms/VCC = = 8V), and built in input and output buffer amplifier.

The MAIN BEARINGS MS226P is a five-point graphic equalizer that has all the necessary functions integrated on a single integrated circuit. The IC is equipped with five channels of sound control and input and output buffer amplifier. The pdf file below contains detailed information on circuit diagrams for the 5-band equalizer with a single IC / chip (MAIN BEARINGS MS226P). The circuit is given in the scheme around the five frequency bands: 100Hz, 300Hz, 1kHz, 3kHz, 10kHz ]]> http://www.free-circuit.com/5-band-graphic-equalizer-with-ic-ms226p/feed/ 0 http://www.free-circuit.com/6-input-audio-mixer-modules-circuit/ http://www.free-circuit.com/6-input-audio-mixer-modules-circuit/#comments Fri, 26 Mar 2010 13:37:36 +0000 admin http://www.free-circuit.com/?p=575

6Mixer channels Circuit

Many friends ask me, an audio circuit MIXER for different applications. I’m going to circuits that can make you start as you wish. These can be requested in modules of entries for each circuit, depending on what you intend the mixer, the same place as the number of input channels that you file. Below I have a lot of circuits with different levels of quality and complexity. All circuits, and proposes that they are easy to maintain a very good quality. For those interested, they have little patience. Soon I will give the project the professional level of the combination of audio signals console.
   

   
In Fig. 1, the main draw of the mixer is 6ch. It consists of 6 input channels. Channels CH 1-4 channels are in mono. The route you choose for this place where you can input connection, balance or be IMBALANCE [symmetrical or asymmetrical] have PHANTOM POWER electret microphone, with different input connectors. Channels CH 5-6, are intended to be used in stereo. The number of input channels can increase as long as you want, the choice between mono and stereo channels. Further details on the input circuits I separately for each circle. The output of each channel to drive the RV1-6, regulation potesometer sound level.

With RV7-12, we create the conditions for equilibrium between two channels [potesometer Panorama [MIX]]. All signals of input channels at this stage are added to two adders [IC1A-b], where each channel has two trimmer TR1-2, the profit of each IC to settle, adjust the level of production signal in the plane we want. They can be removed if you need anything. The next step is an equalizer [Fig. 9], Book III of the Regulation. The แ IC3-B to form the output of the mixer, they have a profit and they are essential isolation of the previous steps, with the unity we seek. Who they want, there is a headphone drive classic helmet to give IC2A-b production in jf13. It may also be present, but also optical indication of audio level meter with a stereo. Circuit, you can choose between what I give in the category of VU meters, or others that you want. The range of individual circuits is the power, connect the JF12b in touch and gives a series of constraints, the likely need. .

Part List

6 ch mixer circuit

IC = ua741
Below the mixer circuit 3 line inputs and 3 mic. The mic inputs are suitable for low impedance 200-1000R dynamic microphones. ECM or condenser mic can also be used but should have applied a bias resistor. As with any mixer circuit, a slight loss is always in place. The final summary must overcome a gain of 2 or 6 dB at them. Level of the input line should be approximately 200 mV RMS. The microphone inputs have increased over 100 times, or 40dB, the total gain of 46dB with the mixer. The microphone input for microphones, producing more than 2 mV RMS at 1 meter designed. Most microphones meet this standard.

Mixer 4 Input Circuit

Circuit Diagram Right shows for 4-channel sound mixer circuit using three Norton-opamps.

 The input levels able to set by potentiometers P1 or P3. Furthermore, which each input level able to trimmed with support of trimmers pots P4 to P6 to adapt each input to the source. The resistors at the non-inverting inputs of the opamps work as DC bias and set DC output at 50% of the power supply for this powered audio mixer.

  All 4 inputs signals are summed by the 4 opamp A4 through the resistors R3, R7 and R11. The commom volume level is cotrolled through the potentiometer P7.

You able switch an input channel on or off through the switches S1 and S3. An input channel is turn off that its switch is closing. It is also possible to replace these mechanical switches with transistor gates. with doing so, you can build an analog multiplexer circuit that can be easily expanded by several inputs.

voltage comparator circuit

In the circuit having a voltage quad comparator (LM339) is used as a simple bar graph meter to indicate the state of charge 12-volt lead-acid battery acid. A 5 volt reference voltage is in each of the (+) inputs of four comparators and the (-) inputs are connected, each point is connected to a voltage divider. The LED lights up when the voltage at the negative (-)-input exceeds the reference voltage. Calibration can be by adjusting the 2K potentiometer so that all four LEDs illuminate when the battery voltage is 12.7 volts indicates a full charge with no load on the battery is done. At 11.7 volts, the LED should be made, and shows an empty battery. Each LED is a change of about 25% charge or 300 millivolts, so that 3 LEDs indicate 75%, 2 LEDs indicate 50%, etc.

The actual voltage on the temperature and battery type from, battery wet gel battery, etc . For more information on battery care.

distortion circuit

Overdrive is the only extreme clipping distortion.
You can use your clip PWM output when the input level is too high.
You back-to-back diodes in the feedback loop REG.
You can conduct two cooking FPGA-to-back diodes, which are connected to the mainland.

The parts for this Distortion Effect (Fuzz) are:
J1 – J2: 1/4 INCH MONO FEMALE CHASIS MOUNTING JACKS
C1 – C5: 0.1 MICROFARAD CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS AT 50V
P1: 100M POTENTIOMETERS
P2: 10K POTENTIOMETERS
R1 – R2: 1K RESISTORS
D1 – D2: GENERAL PURPOSE DIODES
IC1: 741 OP AMP

Circuit, which is Audioguru describes the simplest type of distortion type overdrive and could be described as fluff.
Much will depend on the exact type of overdrive you want. If this is the kind of overdrive that you get the amplifier to the maximum, then distorted and leads quite dificult.
This can be done efficiently using the amplifier and speaker is overloaded and ecoustically balanced miced and again.
All sorts of things in the game, phase shift, attenuation, Come Get disruption speakers, etc.

Sound channel distortion in non-linear amplifier (changing course). This type of signal distortion is particularly desirable for many guitarists. Originally, this type formed in a clay tube amplifiers. The only problem is that the amplifier valve is only suitable for the production of sound at a very high volume. It is ideal for live entertainment, but otherwise.

On Dummy Load (non-durable good, it should be) to simulate the reactive load speaker amplifier player in different game situations and styles, using the “amplifier to the desired level, and dummy load to regulate the volume.

However, replacing the silicon age, the new design of tube amps solids, and now those options are for the rich musicians! On the other hand, some solid state linear amplifier design is similar distortion sounds and other types of distortion sounds. The great advantage is that non-linear amplification can be made in advance to the amplifier and distortion, and lower production volume is also available.

Here is a simplified circuit distortion pedal that I built. It is designed to work in a consistent performance. The first step is biased, the voltage followers (buffer) upon entry into the Vcc / 2 for each offer. The second step is a soft high-gain AC amplifier cutting. Unity DC gain amplifier output is changed VDC / 2 low-pass filter on the output filter high frequency components (too much fuzz otherwise). Input and output is connected to AC.

With this device, 9V battery for power, gain control in the second step, illustrated volume control on the output and footswitch to avoid disruption of (not).

I use this camera with a guitar processor is preparing to add some delay / reverb. There is a useful noise Nice for solo and string energy leader.

IR remote controller Circuit

I have a number of switch / out with an infrared remote control TV as a transmitter, which is great for me to work yet there is something that I add, or you must remove or change to better? 4013 is configured to switch on / off switch, namely the production will remain high until the clock is replaced by a high level, and will remain until replaced by another , then the output will go low, and so on. if the TV remote control is pressed, it sends the signal (pulse) to the receiver, making the CLK output transistors have to activate the double flip-flop IC, I, nor the 47uF capacitor, so if it is considered that the pulse is High input CLK, while the TV remote control is pressed when you press the remote (off), the pull-down resistor 10K, stream discharge capacitor and the output remains high until the process happens again, then the output remains low, and so on.

headphone using op-amp circuit

Op-amp be tested as follows. (Almost all the Brow Brow ).

- OPA134 is OPA2132P OP-amplifier with a series CMOY Headamp a first OP amplifier used in all major DIY together.
- OPA637 op-amp is expensive to visit each other more western.
- OPA2111 op-amp, which is actually recommended by SEPK a barometer than a bad audio.
- OPA602 op-amp is recommended that listens well to the seller.
- Is NE5532 op-amp, cheap, but expensive audio is often used as a second class, the Thai new pot and possessed by us morally.
- TL071, 072 op-amp market, but 5532 sounds like 5532 is not to fight.
- OPA2107 friends recommended trying gadget 2111th Review
- OPA2227, 2228th
************************************************** . *********************.
OPA134, 2134, 132, 2132nd
************************************************** . *********************.
132,134 to a single op-amp 1 is the op-amp is only 1 in section 2132.2134 dual op-amp 1 is the op-amp has an internal 2nd
And audio version of x134 is x132 or x134 do with the building block of audio. Therefore, the bandwidth is narrower than the x132.

Voice of the x132, x134 is the op-amp the bass is very good bass.
If the sound is dense 2132pa other bits.
If 134,2134,2132 p sounds good enough to enter the relevant data .
The middle voice is a little off. (In order to avoid this is not นะ. How do you fight a different number) is not only the number.
If there is no distortion of the Class A Little Voice will narrow.
When taken to cycles Cmoy best dual op-amp because of the high flow rate.
________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
OPA637, 627
************************************************** . ***********************.
Both figures are.
This op-amp that he the summit of the western front end is very prestigious.
With cycle times of trial and CMOY diamond and OP-amp is very wide, detailed sound image, without bias Class A.

The op-amp that sounds very natural. Listen to her concert dress very ครับ management.

However, an audio medium audio output. Thick, but not full battle cry. This is not good with middle-ear sensitivity, but if the Class A was the best ล่ะ ครับ sound. It sounds so natural as possible. Music that most of them are correct. Minimal distortion.

Another Best of the op-amp is the best deep bass.
Concluded that the price of taste. Everything is good frequency. John D. Bora detail.
But if they are taken to a central cmoy a little Badho, but if the Class A and above, and then op-amp.
________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
OPA2111.
************************************************** . ***********************.
A dual op-amp.
Sound of 2111 focuses on the accuracy of the sound is very flat.
Personnel Group, does not sound rare. More precise definition audio. Small voice gently. Will go very clear.

Op-Amp is a very broad spectrum of sound from . But not good for much deeper. Listen first need to make it sound very narrow. But not really narrow. But if not deep Ota.

When helping the current cycle cmoy less, only buffer.

A socket has only eight legs only kp.
The BM is a steel chassis. Audio kp 30% is better than ever before.
(I try) not to be found.
_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
OPA602.
************************************************** . ***********************.
There is no OP-AMP.
The op-amp that will not listen to again lose 637 more good no more, as well. But there are points marginalized. Made from the Echo.
All audio is to be installed with little response.
If you listen to jazz music and vibrancy of the sound. Make it even more so than  over 637 online casino in the chest, but found it to no end  promiscuous and do not have to leave.

Dimensional sound can sound good .

More and more reading, it was the beginning of the forehead forehead before 627/637 .
_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
NE5532.
************************************************** . ***********************.
A dual op-amp market popular audio good cause.
Is not it hard to buy less expensive, but it has two degrees .
I accidentally try to have a good grade. The sound of good grades.
Husky voice is heard more clearly than in the same style, but is not specifically disclaims any clear.
But not so thick, the OPA family living.

NE5532 audio line to remove any broad thin bass sound stage Johor Sofitel Bora  good description either did not lose all the OPA.

_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
์ TL071, 072nd
************************************************** . ***********************.
TL071 is a single version.
TL072 is a dual version.

This easy  to more than 5532 TV repair shop to purchase a rapidly changing any store.
The sound is close to the narrow end not more difficult, those who understand the op-amp op-amp was checking, but if the old one is put into your voice to put upward  555th

_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
์ NE5532.
************************************************** . ***********************.
A dual op-amp market popular audio good cause.
Is not it hard to buy less expensive, but it has two degrees .
I accidentally try to have a good grade. The sound of good grades.
Husky voice is heard more clearly than in the same style, but is not specifically disclaims any clear.
But not so thick, the OPA family living.

NE5532 audio line to remove any broad thin bass sound stage Johor Sofitel Bora  good description either did not lose all the OPA.

_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
์ OPA 2107th
************************************************** . ***********************.
Op-amp is very good, it is a class for AP.

Central sound almost like 637 and not all open with a 637th
Medium soft, gentle voice like a trumpet pipe very detailed and deep and have good bass impact but  between 637 to 2132p.

But it sounds a bit mid-forward you do not agree, how to write each.
Writing, but I like to picture noise to hear and see well.

_________________________________________________.
************************************************** . ***********************.
์ OPA 2227.2228.
************************************************** . ***********************.
Sounds a lot, but 5532 sounds a little more bold.
If the 5532-types are not good, virtually no .

Hifi headphone amplifier circuit

An amplifier with low impedance drive means of headphones built using discrete components.
Output at 0.25W into 50 ohms and 1W into 8 ohms

input control with 100K pot

The two halves of the circuit are identical. Both entries have a continuous path to ground via the input 47k control which should be a dual log type potentiometer. The balance control is a single 47k linear potentiometer, which adapt the center of the damping of the input signal to prevent signals on the left and right. If the balance control on the left side is moved, the entrance to the left lane with less resistance than the right lane and the left channel by more than the right side and vice versa. The 10k above resitors ensure that neither input can be shorted “to earth. Shall be sent to The gain of the audio signal from a single stage of the procedure and a common emitter amplifier direct coupled emitter follower. Overall, receiving less than 10, but the final emitter follower directly drive 8 ohm headphones. Higher headphones work equally well. Note the final 2k2 resistor at each exit. This removes the potential for continuous 2200U coupling capacitors and prevents punch “is heard when headphones are plugged in. The bias circuit itself Designed to operate with a power supply 6 to 20 volts DC.

Switching capacity of 386-lm-circuit with a PNP type transistor for audio with a receiver gating COS / logical line horn. Wilson has used the brand’s original two-way VHF radios that approach. Another method involves muting (primary) shunt volume pot wiper.

audio amplifier with LM386

The diagram shows an initial stereo headphone amplifier, you are welcome to build a single course, SM-386-audio circuit. The package contains the download full-screen configuration option EQ. Jumper several options you can adjust the frequency response as shown below. The EQ gif image below is the much lower resolution and reduce the actual text Download gif provided.

Although the circuit shown works with 6 volts DC, modern lm-386 packages and can operate with voltages of up to 9 hours to 12 hours volts DC. Make sure when you order the chip, or take the maximum operating voltage is 9 VDC. Some suppliers are “sub” package, the lowest voltage in your order, if you say something.

Another idea is to drive SM-386 to a high frequency audio source, such as audio oscillator circuit 555 on the healthy side. The audio output of the LM-386 and can be adjusted to filter DC. Quite nice, if you’re negative power of a poor man must be based on a route. I used this idea in the era of the late 1970s, the computer circuitry to generate a negative supply rail to a former type is EPROM.

This download file is in zip format, but you can size smaller and a gif file image resolution (see above) on this page with the description. Feel free to e-mail if you have any questions.

Also provided is a country that “artificial” ( “field” for American readers) that can be used to provide power center of the crossovers, and other accessories – like a parametric equalizer or even a simple graphic equalizer.

Circuit Detail

The input impedance is at least 15K (it is much more than that for most control settings), and the output impedance of 100 ohms – low enough to drive any line input.

The schematic for the preamp

The preamplifier circuit is quite conventional, and the need is AC coupled everywhere. The artificial soil is represented by two resistors (R1 and R2) is grounded “exactly 1 / 2 the supply voltage derivatives. This is theoretically 13.8 in all cars, since this is the correct charging voltage for a 12V battery.

To reduce the maximum profit, you simply reduce the values of R105 and R205. For example, the reduction will be the 4k7 to a maximum gain of 3 (10 dB), which in reality is probably sufficient.

Note 1 – There are a series of filters, because the vehicle is now well known, very strong. In some cases it may be necessary to replace R3 with a module adapted noise filter, inductor, or both.

The artificial soil was obtained before the “6V” administration, and is used instead of connecting the real world for additional circuits. It may (will) not be necessary in some cases …

Add input and output capacitors to the additional circuit
Reversing the polarity of the entry into force polarized output capacitors. The + ve lead of all electrolytic capacitors must be connected to the system with lead-ve as an entry, exit or chassis ground, if necessary.
In addition, electrolytic capacitors should be in feedback circuits that are connected with the earth, the real world are connected, not the artificial world, or performance may suffer.

For example, I provided for the circuit of the equalizer for my subwoofer and a parametric equalizer (Project 28), with necessary modifications indicated. The same principle applies to other networks or crossover signal processing circuit.

Flyback 10KV-30KV Circuit

The primary is a handwound coil wound on the opposite side of the secondary consisting of ten turns of 16 guage solid wire. The feedback winding is wound on top of the primary winding with four turns of 22 guage solid wire. Both windings are center tapped. If there is no high voltage from the secondary winding then try reversing the leads that go to the bases on the transistor. These must be in phase for proper operation. The 2N3055s can be replaced with about any large horizontal output transistor, in fact this is actually better. You can also use a PNP transistor, just reverse the polarity of the input.

The amplifier is very easy to get on the board, and an innovative tone defeat. Rather than disabling the sound system completely, they are massively de-sensitized, and defeated the  have a maximum range, . This can be increased if desired, so that you can have two settings of tone, a rising standard of 10 dB and a cut and the other with a very subtle 3dB boost and cut – that’s enough (surprisingly) a very minor adjustments to the way you need for day-to-day hearing.

Otherwise, the design is fairly conventional, with a great advantage over other models that require almost no cable. Transfer of the source is as you want – I suggest you bring a rotary switch on the rear of the enclosure, and a shaft extension with the tree in front. This leads to a minimum of wiring and reduces crosstalk from other active inputs.

Picture 1 - A and tone controls

Circuit Description

The input stage is shown with a gain of 2 times (6dB), configure and also acts as a buffer circuit for tone control. The tone control is a fundamental type Baxandall, but the addition of R117, 118 and 119 provide the flexibility and ease of reconfiguration, which is not the traditional arrangement.

Picture 2 - Balance, volume and output stages

R119 is the hard part of this circuit (which is unique, too

- I have not seen before, this technique is used). As it is 100k, which limits the range of tone control to a reasonable + /-10dB. To increase more and cutting, R119 (R219 and receive) can be omitted altogether. Conversely, reducing the value of a small area, will also, with about 6 dB at 20 Hz and 20 kHz to 7.5dB with 22K.

The sound system (and overall) performance is shown in Picture 2 (in increments of 10% of pot), and it appears that the midrange is hardly affected. This is in contrast with the majority of drawings in which the controls are aligned to 1 kHz, and it is a very audible in the media. For those who want absolutely no use of tone controls, I suggest that the  both without tone controls are designed and in line with true minimalist design.

battery charger circuit with IC regulator

The circuit is the elementary 6V 1A power supply circuit using IC regulator 7808. The 7808 three-terminal positive voltage regulator is available in the TO-220/D-PAK package build them useful in a wide range of applications.

The IC 7808  employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, doing it essentially indestructible. If proper heat sinking is provided, it can deliver over 1 ampere output
current.

6 Channel Graphic Equalizer Circuit with TL074

The EQ circuit is very easy to build and has a good quality. You can do it with component stereos portable tape recorders, radio cassette recorders, radios, etc. ..
Operational amplifiers on one chip. 6-band equalizer for a channel can easily by externally connecting capacitors and resistors, which are formed for (resonance frequency) UPDATE. Series connection of two makes TL074 (6 to 10 bands) and multi-band. It is very stable in the capacitive load. Maximum voltage 20V max VCC must not be exceeded. The operating voltage is about 5 to 15V. Use of force with pin-room shorted, the causes are the destruction or damage to the IC. Use when mounting the IC on the board of directors or, make sure that the pin does not contain spaces Lot, shorted, etc.

Electronic Part

IC1-2=TL074
C1=1uF 100V
C2=15nF 100V
C3=150nF 100V
C4=33nF 100V
C5=8.2nF 100V
C6=1nF 100V
C7=470pF 100V
C8=680nF 100V
C9=680nF 100V
C10=150nF 100V
C11=39nF 100V
C12=8.2nF 100V
C13=2.2nF 100V
C14=470nF 100V
R1=47Kohms
R2-5-18=150Kohms
R3-4=10Kohms
R6….17=10Kohms
R19=100Kohms
RV1…..6=100Kohms Lin  .

Regarding the project is ten band graphic equalizer for one channel (mono) audio system. If you would like to Stereo EQ ,You need build 2 similiar circuits for 2 channel (stereo) audio system.

The audio equalizer build based on IC  TL074 with low noise JFET op-amp that will give you high quality audio output.

Electronic Part List

10 Channel Graphic Equalizer Circuit by TL074

All Resitors is 1/4W 1%
C1=47uF/25V
C10=27nF 100V
C11=12nF 100V
C12=6.8nF 100V
C13=3.3nF 100V
C14=68nF 100V
C15=33nF 100V
C16=18nF 100V
C17=8.2nF 100V
C18=3.9nF 100V
C19=2.2nF 100V  
C2=47pF
C21=560pF
C22=270pF
C23=150pF
C25=150pF
C26=10uF/25V
C3=150pF
C4=1.5uF 100V
C5=820nF 100V
C6=390nF 100V
C8=100nF 100V
C9=47nF 100V
IC1…3=TL074
J1…3=RCA Jack
R18….27=220Kohms
R2-5-31=1Mohms
R3=47Kohms
R4=15Kohms
R6-28=10Kohms
R7….17=1Kohms
RV1=250Kohms Lin.
RV2…..12=4.7Kohms Lin.
S1=2X2 SW

regulator 12V 3A circuit

The LM317 is to provide an adjustable, positive 3-Terminal Voltage Regulator 100mA (RA87U control) or 1.5 A (Order Code UF27E and N61CA) over a range of output voltage of 1.2V to 37V. These voltage regulators are exceptionally easy to use and requires only 2 reistors external output set. Both line and load regulation are better established than standard regulators. Protection against overload is fully furnished with on-chip current limiting, thermal protection and safe area. This will remain fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected, making it virtually blow-out. Order UF27E comes in a TO-220-bag style. Order RA87U comes in a TO-92-style bag. Order N61CA comes in a TO-263-bag style.

The Circuit is designed to produce an amplifier using a TDA7294 audio integrated circuit allocation schemes for 60 watts of power.
Terminology

* Amps – something like a built-in amplifier and is designed for the delivery and provision of adequate and high maximum output directly drives speakers or fees within a certain percentage of distortion
* TDA7294 – monolithic integrated circuit in 15-watt multi-packs separately for use as audio class AB amplifier in Hi-Fi field applications such as high-profile television, home stereo powered speakers designed for short and their short-circuit protection very low noise and distortion, thermal off, mute and standby functions, not on / off noise, high performance, not Boucherot cells DMOS output stage and high operating voltage range of
* Amplifiers Class AB – operates as a class-B amplifier that almost all of the crossover distortion by removing a small amount of bias current that constantly flows through the output transistors

Circuit Explanation

100W audio amplifier circuit

Using the integrated circuit TDA7294 is best suited to operate in Hi-Fi audio applications, amplifier class AB. Sovereignty is capable of delivering both 4 ohm and 8 ohm loads, since the IC output current and a wide range of voltage. In addition, 8 ohm load with 0.1% harmonic distortion (THD) can be supplied with 50 W RMS, with the addition of sufficient power and the minimum number of components. Eliminates the presence of heat sink water temperature at a rate of 1,4 ° C / W. In standby mode, is treated with PIN-9, while the MUTE input from the pin 10 is treated. In standby mode is always a priority for the MUTE input.

The amplifier will be activated immediately, while inclusion. This is certainly connected through lessons without constantly on the supply rail. The conversion of clicks is by increasing the time constants of C5 C6 and & R4 & R3 can be eliminated. Due to internal thermal protection of the IC, the temperature at 145 ° C can cause MUTE condition and at 150 ° C, the amplifier is in standby mode. The Circuit amplifier must not be made without the presence of a radiator that internally to generate a negative supply rail is connected to be operated. In IC, the radiator of the amplifier in a grounded metal enclosure to be mounted in isolation. The maximum voltage for 8 ohm load 40V to 30V for 4 ohm loads, a transformer with 80 VA and 150 VA for two modules in a stereo amplifier rated.

25W ClassA Audio Amplifier circuit

This circuit is a simple class A audio amplifiers. But with zero distortion, Q1 is a switch is in operation or shut down, so that no load current through the resistor R2. In the best case, the tension in Q1 and the load resistance equal to the Class A operation.

A 100K potentiometer (R3) and a 1-meg resistor (R1), and a simple tea-Variable Bias Circuit. Plase voltmeter between drain (D) of the 1 Quarter and the dissemination of soil and adjust R3 for a meter to half the supply voltage.
Applications IRF511 project much as it is pupola build the electronic circuit.
Nearly everyone will be resistance value for R2 used, as maximum power and the FET are not exceeded.
A resistor value of 22 to 100 Ohms is a good choice for experimentation. For high flows, adapted to be used on a radiator.

Description
   The amp is “El Cheapo 2-30, and was valued at a maximum of 30 watts per channel into 16 ohms. It uses a single power supply regulated power and a capacitor connected speakers. Having had the original, I can now reproduce the scanline detailed information. It was a very simple amplifier, used for almost complementary symmetry power amplifier. For those who are younger than me who had no idea what I am talking about quasi-complementary symmetry system used in time when the PNP power transistors were expensive and silicon devices have been pretty useless. If you want a kind of voltage and current rating, it was necessary to use NPN devices. The quasi-complementary output stage uses a (discrete) from Darlington to the positive side and a complementary pair to the negative (or a rider to a PNP-NPN power transistor coupled).

Meanwhile, in these days when you high gain and the current capacity adequate, germanium transistors would still ruled supreme. Provided they have been used in applications where the leak was not a big problem, germanium devices very well – it’s not entirely the amplifier output stages are, however. Even then, the majority of speakers were 16 ohms, with only a few dare to 8 ohms. All that was less than the almost unknown in 1964.

Figure 1 shows the circuit – it was an amp cheap compared to most offerings of the day. In addition, it was possible to sound respectable – built again in comparison – and me and my many friends from the date of this amplifier with a passion – guitar amps, Hi-Fi, you name it, El-Cheapo went !

Note that the types of transistors are referred to the original equipment. Most are now outdated, but it will be shown a list of skills below.

Those were the days when the transistor is the 2N3055 power of choice (NPN course), and there was no PNP devices remotely equivalent to less than 5 times the price, and even these were much lower. Consequently, almost complementary output very common, and even this is still the case with most IC power amps. The quasi-complementary output stage is the most popular until recently a fairly PNP power devices still available. Immediately, almost everyone started with Darlington NPN and PNP devices connected to the output stage (such as T3 and T4) – The funny thing is that it demonstrated back in the mid-1970 that the full connection Darlington sounds made (or at least measures ) worse than the quasi-complementary phases. Is not progress a wonderful thing?

The input stage of the El-Cheapo is not subject to phase problems of the long-tailed pair, because the class a driver (or SAV – Voltage Amplification stage) is used as the entry. Ampere led in this way often inherently stable. There is a big problem with DC offset of course – the item refers to the negative supply. If the earth (ground), it is no problem, but it precludes the use of this design with a dual supply. The DC is not a problem with capacitor connected speakers.

As shown, the gain for the audio frequency is 18 (25dB), a sensitivity of 1V for an input power of 40W means. The closed loop gain is set by R4 and R7. Since the score is taken after the output coupling cap, the latter does not affect the low frequency response – but this provision creates a network of underdamped filter that causes a 4.5dB peak at about 5 Hz. Increasing C7 4700UF eliminates this problem all respects.

In the original article, there were several variations of the design, but I do this amp based 40W form here. The variations were mainly based on lower voltages, but also a parallel (dual) output stage for the odd low impedance.

Note that the amplifier is great, and the input impedance of the amplifier itself is 1k (R4). For this reason there is an emitter follower (Q1) before the amplifier impedance to the right to convert into something useful. The described system has been far from ideal – a better solution would be to leave everything to the left of C2 and the drive circuit of a DAC (C2 should be reversed if the ADC supplies used alternately remove).

Regulated Power Supply

Power Supply Circuit For 25W hifi

The circuit is prepared as specified, and simple power amplifier with a low open-loop gain is a good idea to maintain a buzzing low. Using a regulated power Desirable Not usually but in this case is probably justified. Germanium transistors were used as shown in Figure 2 (all medium and high power transistors and germanium / PNP).

Because the amp PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio will), only 36 dB, it will provide a noise problem with a non-regulated supply. It is noted Note that step emitter follower (Q1) contributed the bulk of the supply noise – LEAD good for the floor of the DAC amplifier.
The controller is easy, BUT would have worked well enough as indicated. 62V 1W zener Normally the unit, a power for the 60V amplifier gain (similar to the use of ± 30V with power over conventional split). Compared to today’s standards, hoods Probably the filter are too small (like Bouchon The loudspeaker coupling), but I’ll present it as it was originally described.

The TDA1010 is a monolithic integrated class-D audio amplifier circuit in a single pass 9-in-line (SIL) plastic.

 6 W audio power amplifier in car applications 10 W audio power amplifier in mains-fed applications.

The device is designed primarily as an amplifier to 6 W car radio to be used with 4 wall 2 impedances Wload. The wide voltage range power and flexibility of the IC is an attractive proposition for the turntables and tape recorders with output power up to 10 W.

6W audio amplifier cirucit

The wide voltage range makes this circuit ideal for applications in the area and the battery-FED devices such as televisions and turntables. The volume control stage has a DC logarithmic control characteristic with a reach of over 80 dB, control is by a variable DC voltage from 2 to 6.5 V.

Pre-Amp Tube Circuit

Preamp Part List
R1-7=1Mohm
R12-13=100ohm
C9=4.7uF 250V*
R2=100Kohm 1W
C1=220nF 250V*
U1=ECC82
R3-8=1Kohm 1W
C2=220pF ceramic or mylar U2=ECC81
R4=1.2Kohm 1W
C3=2.2uF 350V*
RV1=2X100Kohm log.
R5-11=5.6Kohm 2W
C4=1000uF 16V
RV2=2X100Kohm lin.
R6=100Kohm
C5-6=2X50uF 450V
RL1….6=Relay 12V 2X2 [1A] 
R9=22Kohm
C7=1uF 250V* 
R10=100Kohm
C8=220nF 630V *polypropylene or MKT

Power supply Circuit

Power suply
IC1-2=LM317*
R1=2.2Kohm 5W
R2-4=100Kohm 2W
R3=680ohm  5W
R5-6=220ohm
R7=470ohm  1W
C8-13=10uF 16V
C1=33nF 630V
C2…..5=2X50uF >350V
C6=4700uF 25V
C7-9=100nF 100V
IC3=7812  [1A]
C10-15-19-20=47uF 25V
T1=230Vac / 200V 0.15A
C16=470uF 25V
T2=230Vac / 12V 3A
C17-18=100nF 100V
F1=0.2A slow
BR1=4 X 1N5408
BR2=4 X 1N5408
BR3=4 X 1N4007
F2=0.1A fast
TR1-2=4.7Kohm trimmer
S1= Switch 2X2 10Aac
RL7=12Vdc Relay 2X2 10A
D1…..7=1N4007 EMI RF Filter 230Vac/6A
D8=12V 0.5W zener * with heatsink

Input Selector - Delay Drive Circuit

Input Selector – Delay Drive
R1…..5=1.2Kohm
R6-8=1Mohm
R7-9=10Kohm
R10-11=1.2Kohm
C1=100nF 100V
C2=10uF 25V
C3=22uF 25V
Q1-2=BD679
IC1=4081
D1……5=3mm Red
D6……9=1N4148
D10-11=3mm Green LED
LED S2=SEL 1X6 step
S3=1X2 mini switch